"The emphasis is on local curriculum development, teacher decision-making on pedagogical approach and alternative assessment methods - e.g., Strategies for Active and Independent Learning (SAIL); Strategies for Effective Engagement and Development (SEED); Science Practical Assessment (SPA). Such moves are attempts to open up pedagogical practice and begin delinking it from a strong examination culture, oriented towards the replication of facts and ideational content." (p. 292) The Main Points Conventional Assessment Assessments typically measure recall of discrete facts, retrieval of given information, application of routine computational formulas or procedures Have been increasingly used for high-stakes reasons - judging teachers' professional capacity and performance, overall school and system efficacy Results in teachers "teaching to the test" rather than to intended learning outcomes "Struggle to establish valid measures of students' higher-order ...